(„Alternative for Germany“) **Strength:** 32,000 (January 2021) **short description:** **I. Party History **1. prehistory** The “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) is the parliamentary arm of the extreme right in Germany. Its founding was preceded, among other things, by the publication of

Brothers of Italy – named after the opening words of the country’s national anthem – was formed in 2012, following the direct inheritance of MSI (Italian Social Movement), a far-right institutional party founded for the new republican regime by former

The party “Bündnis Deutschland” was founded on November 20, 2022. It is a new project for disappointed AfD members. According to its own information, “Bündnis Deutschland” supported the right-wing populist voters’ association “Bürger in Wut” (BIW) with around 300,000 euros

Casapound Italy is a political movement of the far-right and of a neo-fascist and populist matrix, established in 2008 as a social association after the squat of a big building in the city center of Rome, close to main-station Termini.

(„National Democratic Party of Germany“) **Character:** oldest and biggest traditional fascist Party, strong ties to the NS-subculture **Strengh:** 3,600 members (2019) **Short description:** The NPD was founded in West Germany in 1964 and is the oldest and biggest traditional fascist

(„the right“) **character:** classical neonazi, strong ties to the NS-subculture **strengh:** 550 members (2019) **short description:** ‘Die Rechte’ is a traditional fascist party founded in May 2012. The Party is a umbrella organisation for fascist ‘Kameradschaften’, mainly in the Federal

Forza Italia is a right-wing political party, inspired by liberalism and conservative catholic tradition; founded by Silvio Berlusconi in January 1994 together with other notables of the Fininvest group. After the political crisis and corruption scandals, denounced by the “clean

(„Free Saxons“) **Short description:** The ‘Freie Sachsen’ are a party in the German Federal State of Saxony founded in February 2021. It is a far right concurrent project to the AfD. Leader is Martin Kohlmann. They are organising many rallys

(„Freedom Party of Austria“) **character:** right-wing populist **strength:** 60,000 (2017) **Short description:** The FPÖ was founded in 1956 and was a harbour for old NSDAP-members. FPÖ became the third largest party in Austria. Youth wing is the „Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend“.

A far-right, religious and nationalist party founded by Kyriakos Velopoulos in June 2016. The party entered Greek Parliament in the 2019 elections with 3,70% of the vote and 10 seats.

Formed by I. Kasidiaris after GD’s failure to elect MP’s in the 2019 elections. Even though Kasidiaris is imprisoned after getting convicted, online activity of his party remains regular. On February 2022, the governing conservative party, New Democracy, passed a

PUBLIC [Identity Ireland](https://www.identityireland.org) (II) was founded by Gary Allen, Peter O’Loughlin and Alan Tighe in 2015. O’Loughlin, party leader, [spoke](https://www.thejournal.ie/identity-ireland-pegida-rally-dresden-2535068-Jan2016/) at a Pegida rally in Germany 2016 then unsuccessfully attempted to launch an Irish branch of Pegida in [February 2016](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z68yTJWXm5g)

Lega is the re-styled party lead from 2017 by Matteo Salvini, after a big trial that condemned former ‘Lega Nord’ to pay 49million euros defrauded from the Italian Republic. Apart from the legal scandal, the political shift concerns a different

National Agreement (Greek: Εθνική Συμφωνία – Ethnikí Symphonía – E.SY.) was founded by Konstantinos Bogdanos, an independent Member of the Greek Parliament after his expulsion from the New Democracy party. In the announcement of the new party on April 5

“National Front” (Greek: Εθνικό Μέτωπο) is a far-right Greek nationalist political party. It has been active from 2012.

Formed in 2019 by Ioannis Lagos after he broke off from Golden Dawn, with the support of Konstantinos Plevris, ELASYN has a rhetoric similar to that of Golden Dawn, but appears less organized than its parent party.

National Rebirth of Poland (Polish: Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski), abbreviated to NOP, is an ultranationalist far-right political party in Poland registered by the District Court in Warsaw and National Electoral Commission. As of the 2015 election, the party had no seats

The „Neuen Stärke Partei“ (NSP) was founded in May 2021 as a Neonazi-Party in Erfurt. It was founded by members of the Neonazi-Group „Neue Stärke Erfurt e. V.“ **First Source:** – Homepage: https://xn--neue-strke-w5a.eu/ (German)

The mainstream right-wing party in Greece, New Democracy (Néa Dhimokratía – ND) was founded in 1974, right after the 7-years-long Colonels’ Dictatorship (“The Junta”) by Konstantinos Karamanlis. The party has formed five governments from 1974 to present. While most of

New Force (Italian: Forza Nuova, FN) is an Italian far-right political party. It was founded by Roberto Fiore and Massimo Morsello, former neofascist terrorists of ‘Third Position’ (Italian: Terza Posizione) during the so-called ‘lead years’. The party is a member

The New Right (Greek: Νέα Δεξιά, Nea Dexia) is a far-right political party in Greece. The party was formed in May 2016 by Failos Kranidiotis, former advisor to former Prime Minister Antonis Samaras, after Kranidiotis was ousted from the New

Founded by Nikolaos Michaloliakos in the ’80s as an obscure and occultist national-socialist (Nazi) group, Golden Dawn evolved to a party with many attempts to enter parliament during the last decades. After Michaloliakos was elected in the Municipal Council of

Alt-right party

PUBLIC Founded in 2019, the far right Irish Freedom Party has come to be known as an ‘astro-turf’ organisation in reference to its importing of campaign tactics and continued failure to establish a genuine grassroots base in Ireland and Northern

PUBLIC Founded in 2016, registered as a political party in 2019, the [National Party](https://nationalparty.ie/) (NP) ran 10 candidates in the 2020 General Election and is estimated to have a membership in excess of 300. Former Youth Defence militants with longstanding

(„The Third Path“) **character:** classical neonazi, elitist, revolutionaire **strengh:** 580 members (2019) **short description:** The III. Path was founded on September 2013 by former NPD officials. The Party has a stronghold in the town Plauen (Saxonia) and Bavaria. Former members

The Social Movement Tricolour Flame (Italian: Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, MSFT), commonly known as Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore), is a neo-fascist political party in Italy. The party was started by the more radical members of the Fascist Italian Social Movement,