Brothers of Italy – named after the opening words of the country’s national anthem – was formed in 2012, following the direct inheritance of MSI (Italian Social Movement), a far-right institutional party founded for the new republican regime by former

Casapound Italy is a political movement of the far-right and of a neo-fascist and populist matrix, established in 2008 as a social association after the squat of a big building in the city center of Rome, close to main-station Termini.

Initially an organisation founded in 1999, it became a party in 2016. The president is the Alain Escada, a Belgian activist and former executive of the Front nouveau de Belgique (FNB), a party which has merged since then with the

Originally a split from UMP (former name of the right-wing party “Les Républicains” (LR)), it became a stand-alone party in 2008 and was renamed in 2014. It was founded by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan, still heading the party today. It is a

Forza Italia is a right-wing political party, inspired by liberalism and conservative catholic tradition; founded by Silvio Berlusconi in January 1994 together with other notables of the Fininvest group. After the political crisis and corruption scandals, denounced by the “clean

(„Freedom Party of Austria“) **character:** right-wing populist **strength:** 60,000 (2017) **Short description:** The FPÖ was founded in 1956 and was a harbour for old NSDAP-members. FPÖ became the third largest party in Austria. Youth wing is the „Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend“.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Nationalist_Party

A far-right, religious and nationalist party founded by Kyriakos Velopoulos in June 2016. The party entered Greek Parliament in the 2019 elections with 3,70% of the vote and 10 seats.

Formed by I. Kasidiaris after GD’s failure to elect MP’s in the 2019 elections. Even though Kasidiaris is imprisoned after getting convicted, online activity of his party remains regular. On February 2022, the governing conservative party, New Democracy, passed a

PUBLIC [Identity Ireland](https://www.identityireland.org) (II) was founded by Gary Allen, Peter O’Loughlin and Alan Tighe in 2015. O’Loughlin, party leader, [spoke](https://www.thejournal.ie/identity-ireland-pegida-rally-dresden-2535068-Jan2016/) at a Pegida rally in Germany 2016 then unsuccessfully attempted to launch an Irish branch of Pegida in [February 2016](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z68yTJWXm5g)

Lega is the re-styled party lead from 2017 by Matteo Salvini, after a big trial that condemned former ‘Lega Nord’ to pay 49million euros defrauded from the Italian Republic. Apart from the legal scandal, the political shift concerns a different

Les Identitaires, formerly known as Bloc Identitaire, is a political organisation founded in 2002 from the ashes of Unité Radicale, a violent national-revolutionary organisation. In 2009 les Identitaires became a political party. As representatives of the Identitarian movement in France,

*In English: The Patriots* Les Patriotes was created in 2017 by Florian Philippot, former vice-president of the Front National (FN). He split to create is own nationalist and eurosceptic party. After several electoral defeats, spring/summer 2021 offered his party a

Ligue du Sud is a far-right political party founded in 2010 by Jacques Bompard, former Front National (FN) executive. The party wants to protect its regional in front of immigration and Islam. In 2021, Ligue du Sud counts 1 Mayor,

MNR was founded in 1999 by Bruno Mégret as a splinter party from the Front National (FN). The departure of Bruno Mégret in 1998 was a major event for the FN who lost a lot of executives. Today the MNR

Mouvement pour la France is a political party created by Philippe de Villiers in 1994, which he presided until it disappeared in 2018. At the 2007 presidential elections, the party received 2,23% of the votes (4,74% in 1995). It is

National Agreement (Greek: Εθνική Συμφωνία – Ethnikí Symphonía – E.SY.) was founded by Konstantinos Bogdanos, an independent Member of the Greek Parliament after his expulsion from the New Democracy party. In the announcement of the new party on April 5

“National Front” (Greek: Εθνικό Μέτωπο) is a far-right Greek nationalist political party. It has been active from 2012.

Formed in 2019 by Ioannis Lagos after he broke off from Golden Dawn, with the support of Konstantinos Plevris, ELASYN has a rhetoric similar to that of Golden Dawn, but appears less organized than its parent party.

The mainstream right-wing party in Greece, New Democracy (Néa Dhimokratía – ND) was founded in 1974, right after the 7-years-long Colonels’ Dictatorship (“The Junta”) by Konstantinos Karamanlis. The party has formed five governments from 1974 to present. While most of

New Force (Italian: Forza Nuova, FN) is an Italian far-right political party. It was founded by Roberto Fiore and Massimo Morsello, former neofascist terrorists of ‘Third Position’ (Italian: Terza Posizione) during the so-called ‘lead years’. The party is a member

The New Right (Greek: Νέα Δεξιά, Nea Dexia) is a far-right political party in Greece. The party was formed in May 2016 by Failos Kranidiotis, former advisor to former Prime Minister Antonis Samaras, after Kranidiotis was ousted from the New

(„Party National-orientated Swiss people“) **Strength:** 300 or 800 (2020 self proclaimed) **Short description:** The Swiss Party PNOS is a traditional facscist Party founded in 2000 which imitates the fascist ‘Fronten-Bewegung’ of the 1930s. In September 2020 the french branch of

Parti de la France (PDF) was created by Carl Lang as a splinter group of the Front National (FN). It is known for being close to the antisemitic and neo-Nazi scene. In 2020, the PDF received media attention as Cassandre

The PNF, also known under the name “Les Nationalistes”, was created in 1983 by former French members of the Waffen-SS (Charlemagne), the military branch of the Nazi Party’s SS organisation. Some of them, such as Pierre Bousquet, had founded the

Founded by Nikolaos Michaloliakos in the ’80s as an obscure and occultist national-socialist (Nazi) group, Golden Dawn evolved to a party with many attempts to enter parliament during the last decades. After Michaloliakos was elected in the Municipal Council of

*In English: National Rally* Main far-right political party in France (until today). Founded in 1972 as the “National Front” (FN), it directly emanated from Ordre Nouveau, a neofascist movement, and was headed by Jean Marie Le Pen until 2011. Marine

*In English: Reconquest!* Freshly created on December 5, 2021, it is the party headed by Eric Zemmour. The party is positioned to the right of Rassemblement National, and revolves around on a strong opposition to Islam and immigration as it

(„Swiss People’s Party“) **character:** national-conservative, right-wing populist **strength:** 90,000 **Short description:** The SVP was founded in 1971 as a merger of different Partys. In the 1990s they changed from conservative to right-wing populist. In the 2000s it became the strongest

SIEL is a sovereignist political party created by Paul-Marie Coûteaux in 2011, and associate to the FN until 2016 through the Rassemblement Bleu Marine, a coaltion of soverignist parties aiming at wining the presidential and legislative elections of 2017 (2012-2017).

PUBLIC Founded in 2019, the far right Irish Freedom Party has come to be known as an ‘astro-turf’ organisation in reference to its importing of campaign tactics and continued failure to establish a genuine grassroots base in Ireland and Northern

PUBLIC Founded in 2016, registered as a political party in 2019, the [National Party](https://nationalparty.ie/) (NP) ran 10 candidates in the 2020 General Election and is estimated to have a membership in excess of 300. Former Youth Defence militants with longstanding

The Social Movement Tricolour Flame (Italian: Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, MSFT), commonly known as Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore), is a neo-fascist political party in Italy. The party was started by the more radical members of the Fascist Italian Social Movement,

*In English: Republican Popular Union* This party was founded in 2007 by François Asselineau. It is a nationalist party proponent of regaining French sovereignty, specifically through exiting the European Union therefore advocating for a “Frexit”. At the first round of

Created in 2001 by Christine Boutin under the name “Forum des républicains sociaux” (FRS), it was known as “Parti Chrétien Démocrate” (PCD) between 2009 and 2020 when it was renamed VIA. It is a christian-conservative party. The president is Jean-Frédéric