The Magazine „Krautzone“ calls itself „libertarian-conservative“. It started in autumn 2017 and is published two-monthly. It is also antifeminist and partly monarchist. Editor in chief is Florian Müller and Managing director is Hannes Plenge. There are some connections to the

Academia Christiana’s sister organisation based in Germany, launched in 2019, yearly organising seminars for a young public. https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Education-Website/Academia-Christiana-Deutschland-584904531925237/ https://www.academiachristiana.de/ https://www.academiachristiana.org/post/2019/09/10/academia-christiana-deutschland

Organization created in June 2020 in Valencia and that is presented on its networks as a «militant, nationalist, sportsman and youth group anti-drug that defends the interests of the Valencian people. Job, struggle and tradition ». In full alarm over

ASTRURIAS. The group defines itself as a social-patriot association, and begins its activity at end of 2015. Since then it has carried out numerous activities in various locations in the region, such as food collections, rallies and demonstrations, campaigns, training

See Intolerance Network leak for Agenda Europe data. https://wikileaks.org/intolerancenetwork/ Abstract of 2018 EPF report “In 2013, 20 US and European campaigners began strategizing ‘achievable goals’ to roll back human rights for sexual and reproductive health in Europe. Documents have recently

Born in early 2018, it defines itself as the Patriot Social Collective of Alcalá de Guadaira (Madrid), with the motto “History-Identity-Tradition-Social Justice”. During the pandemic, he directed his criticism to the management by the Government and they join the campaign

(„German Turk Federation“) **Seat:** Frankfurt am Main **Strength:** 7,500 (2011) **Short description:** The ATF is part of the movement of the Turkish fascist Bozkurtlar („Grey Wolfes“), also known as „Ülkücü“ („Idealists“). Since the 1970s the movement is also active in

Organization created in 2015, the year in which only its participation in an act of tribute to “the fallen” on the beach of La Garrofa, organized by Falange, and its collaboration with the campaign «Caravana del Sur», a food collection

Seat: Schnellroda The publishing house was founded in 2000 as “Edition Antaios” and is run by the radical new right Götz Kubitschek. The publishing house is presumably named after the magazine Antaios, edited by Ernst Jünger and published from 1959

https://anti-corruptionireland.com/

The “Artgemeinschaft – Germanische Glaubensgemeinschaft” (AG GGG) is a neo-pagan neo-Nazi sect. It was founded in 1951 by Wilhelm Kusserow and Alfred Conn, a former leader of the Hamburg SA. They meet for neo-pagan rituals such as the “Julmondfeier”. Supposedly,

Association created in 2012 in the city of Cantabria to defend identity, threatened according to they explain on their website, for multiculturalism and globalization. They advocate for suppression of autonomies and the exit of Spain from NATO and the Union

Created in September 2011 in memory of Juan Ignacio González Ramírez, leader of the neo-fascist organization Frente de la Juventud, assassinated in 1980. The Youth Front was an organization from Fuerza Nueva that perpetrated numerous violent acts for several years

Association of lawyers created in 2008 dedicated to denouncing before the courts feminist groups or actions that they consider offensive to religious sentiments.

SEVILLA. Youth association for the promotion of identity activities, historical, cultural and social, active since October 2017. Rodrigo de Bastidas was a Sevillian conqueror who participated in the voyages of Columbus. His activity to date has consisted of commemorating symbolic

Seat: Linz **Short description:** The far right Online-TV „Alternatives Unabhängiges Fernsehen Kanal 1“ (AUF-TV) was launched in May of 2021. Editor in chief is Stefan Magnet, a former leading member of the neonazist „Bunde freier Jugend“ (BfJ). AUF-TV supports the

(„European Turkish Societies“) **Seat:** Köln **Strength:** 1,200 **Short description:** The ATIB is part of the Turkish fascist movement of the Bozkurtlar („Grey Wolfes“), also known as „Ülkücü“ („Idealists“). Since the 1970s the movement is also active in the Turkish community

**Seat:** Ludwigshafen am Rhein **Strength:** ??? **Short description:** The ATF is part of the movement of the Turkish fascist Bozkurtlar („Grey Wolfes“), also known as „Ülkücü“ („Idealists“). Since the 1970s the movement is also active in the Turkish community in

Youth collective founded in Madrid. They are defined as: «A movement youth nationalist who arises to confront the decadent economic, political and social situation to which we Spaniards now we face”. They arise in May 2020 and bring together members

(„Blood&Honour Germany“) **Short description:** Blood&Honour in Germany was officially forbiden by the state in 2000. But there are still structures of B&H. Blood&Honour Germany and Austria presents themself with Tshirts with „Blood & Honour Central Europe Division“. The organization is

The Bulgarian National Union (officially registered as the Bulgarian National Union – Edelweiss), abbreviated BNS/BNU Edelweiss, is a far-right informal organization in Bulgaria based in Sofia, founded in 2000 by Boyan Rasate, which is considered to be the conceptual successor

The Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe (CEDADE) was a group of national socialist ideology created in Barcelona in 1966 and dissolved in 1993. It constituted an international network for the dissemination of neo-Nazi propaganda. It was related to the

The origin of this association and social center takes place in 2006, when, in his own words: “A group of young people with experience in different patriotic projects understood necessary for Salamanca the creation of a meeting point for the

Foundation created by Hazte Oír in August 2013 to promote international campaigns with ultra-Catholic content.

Strength: 50 (2020) **Short description:** In Germany there were different groups which used the label C18. They were linked to violence and terrorism. For example in the year 2007 a C18-member shot and wounded a Tunesian man in Dortmund. In

PUBLIC Comhrá ran a series of events in Dublin from 2017 onwards promoting far-right themes but haven’t been very active since 2019 (Twitter account is suspended). US white nationalist, Jared Taylor of American Renaissance spoke at their 7th October 2017

**Short description:** The far right magazine is published on a monthly basis. It starts 2010. In 2018 it had an edition of 40,000. Editor in chief is Jürgen Elsässer. It also operates a Internet-TV, „Compact TV“ **First Source:** – Homepage:

The Comunidad Política Vértice is an organization that emerged in 2018 and that It was presented in Almería by two Falangist militants: Miguel Ángel Póo and José Julio Cuevas Muela. Both were on the Falange Española de las JONS lists

The „Demo für alle“ (DfA, „Rally for all“) is an organisation of the christian right in Germany. They are strongly antifeminist and Anti-Gender. The supporting association of the “Demo für alle” is “Ehe-Familie-Leben e.V.” based in Magdeburg. It was founded

(„Desiderius-Erasmus-Foundation“) **Short description:** The Desiderius Erasmus Stiftung e.V. (DES ; Desiderius Erasmus Foundation) is the party foundation of the AfD was registered in November 2017. **Primary sources:** – Homepage: https://erasmus-stiftung.de (German) **Secondary sources:** – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung (English)

(„German Brotherhood“) **strengh:** 7,000 members (2020) in almost 70 fraternities **Short description:** The ‘Deutsche Burschenschaft’ (DB) is an male association of academic fraternities. Originally were the ‘Burschenschaften’ founded in 1817. Their motto is „Ehre – Freiheit – Vaterland“ („Honor –

Seat: Riesa (Saxony) The “Deutsche Stimme” is a former monthly newspaper which changed since 2020 to the format of a magazine. It is the a publication of the NPD. Editor in chief is Peter Schreiber. It was founded 1976. First

Association founded in 2007, declared National Socialist, led by neo-Nazi Ramón Bau Fradera, founder and later Secretary General of the neo-Nazi organization CEDADE. Bau is considered one of the ideologues of neo-Nazism in Spain. Devenir Europeo bases its activity on

„Die Kehre“ is a far right Magazine with focus on the topics enviromentalism and ecology. It was founded in May 2020 and was initiated by „Ein Prozent“. Seat is Dresden. The Magazine is associated with the „Oikos Verlag“. Editor in

(„One Percent“) **Short description:** ‘Ein Prozent’ is a 2017 founded german fascist network, which supportes the new right activities. **Seat:** Kurt-Beyer-Str. 2, 01237 Dresden **Finances:** – In 2015 the organisation spent 10.000 Euro to the „Identitäre Bewegung in Österreich“. –

Spanish branch of Marion Maréchal’s private graduate school. https://issep.es/

The Ethnic National Union (ENO) is a decentralized, autonomous, political organization of national socialists. Originally an informal association created on the principles of anonymity by a number of former activists of the NSO, former members of the separate special forces

**Short description:** The Foundation „Europa Terra Nostra“ (ETN) was founded in July 2015 in Berlin. It is the foundation of the „Alliance for Peace and Freedom“ (APF). It had its seat in the headquarter of the NPD in Berlin. ETN

**Short description:** Founder and active member of the „European Solidarity Front“ – Section Germany is the Neonazi Maik Müller from Chemnitz, former from Dresden. He was head of the 2007 founded „Aktionsbündnis gegen das Vergessen“, which organised the big fascist

The European Center for Law and Justice (ECLJ) is a internation conservative Christian NGO headed by Grégor Puppinck since 2009. Its work his organisation focuses on lobbying to the UN and EU mainly, but also to other national institutions on

[Created in February 2007](https://web.archive.org/web/20220711141531/https://www.hispanidad.com/hemeroteca/sin-categoria/nace-el-foro-catalan-para-defender-a-la-familia_4080735_102.html) as an entity attached to the Spanish Family Forum. Its objectives include the prohibition of abortion, euthanasia and homosexual marriage.

In 2019, on the eve of Adolf Hitler’s birthday in Sofia, *Bulgarian National Union* (BNU) launched a new multinational organisation by the name of *Fortress Europe*. Among the founding members, are the French* Les Nationalistes*, Hungary’s* Légió Hungária*, Czechia’s *Národní

‘Freilich’ is a far right magazine in Austria. It startetd December 2018 and is the follower of the magazine „Die Aula“. Editor in chief is Ulrich Novak The Managing Director is Heinrich Sickl The edition at the start was 10,000.

Ultra fan group of the Club Atlético de Madrid founded in 1982 and which in 2014 had around 4,000 members.

The Francisco Franco National Foundation is a private institution that It was created in 1976 to spread the memory and work of the dictator Francisco Franco. It has legal personality as a cultural association. Its main activity is the management

Seat: Hawermannweg 16, 18069 Rostock The „GegenUni UG (haftungsbeschränkt)“ is an online education project of the New Right, which started in 2021. Founder is Erik Ahrens from Frankfurt/Main. The „GegenUni“ cooperated with the „Institut für Staatspolitik“ and can be seen

Section of Generation Identity in Belgium set up in February 2021. https://lahorde.samizdat.net/Generation-identitaire-s-exporte-en-Belgique https://www.generationidentitaire.be/

(„society for free Journalism“) **seat:** Klosterhof 4, 37194 Wahlsburg (Germany) **short description:** The GfP is a German an Austrian association of far right publishers an authors. Chairman is Martin Pfeiffer from Austria. **First source:** – Homepage: http://www.gfp-netz.de

Founded at the end of 2019, it takes the name of another existing group years ago of the same ideology in the Madrid town. With hardly any activity, its journey begins coinciding with the pandemic and direct their campaigns and

Greenline Front (GLF) is an international network which originated in Eastern Europe, with chapters in a variety of countries such as Argentina, Belarus, Chile, Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Spain and Switzerland. Operating as a loose network, GLF is held

Gript media is a website with a national to international focus that has been described as [right wing](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gript-we-are-closer-to-the-mainstream-than-the-extreme-6k7fchws3), [alt right](https://the-beacon.ie/2020/09/28/gardai-investigating-apparent-pulse-leak-to-john-mcguirks-gript/) and far right (MeNeely, Gary. “Mum’s fears over anti-abortion vid; Far-right propaganda bid,” The Sun UK. October 18, 2019. Accessed

Spanish delegation of the international group Hammerskin, outlawed in 2009.

(„Hammerskins Germany“) **strength:** 150 members (2018) **Short description:** The Hammerskins are active in Germany since 1992. There are conflicts with Blood&Honour because of the RAC-Music-Businesss. Intern meetings in Europa called „European Officers Meeting“ (EOM) and in one country „National Officers

HazteOir is a Spanish far-right, ultra-Catholic and ultra-conservative association founded by Ignacio Arsuaga in February 2001. Since 2013 he has been part of the CitizenGo pressure group, an organization with similar characteristics founded by HazteOir herself.

Hogar Social Madrid (HSM) emerged in 2014 with the occupation of a empty property in a migrant and multicultural working-class neighborhood of Madrid. They copy the model of the Italian fascist group CasaPound, born in 2003, which started occupying a

(„Hooligans against Salafism“) **Short Description:** HoGeSa is a street movement, consistend of different right wing Hooligan-Groups. **Secondary sources:** – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Defence_League#Hogesa (English)

(„Identitarian movement Germany“) **strength:** 600 members (2019) **Short description:** The “Identitarian Movement Germany” is an offshoot or imitation of the Identitarians from France. Here, the original, the “Bloc identitaire,” was founded in 2002/03. Overall, the IBD can be assigned to

(„Identitarian movement Austria“) **Short description:** The ‘Identitäre Bewegung Österreich’ (IBÖ) was founded in 2012 as imitation of the oroginal from France. There are connections to the ‘Burschenschaften’. In the year 2020 they transformed into the Movement „Die Österreicher“. In Austria,

“In the Name of the Family” movement based its activities on opposing liberal tendencies in Croatian society. They especially focused on the question of family and marriage laws, sex and health education, and civic education in public schools, and by

**Seat:** Dieselstraße 4/28, 4030 Linz **Short description:** Info-DIREKT is a monthly far right magazine from Austria. It was founded in 2015 an has a modern desig a coffeetable magazine. Managing Director is Michael Scharfmüller. Other editors are Jan Ackermeier and

**Short description:** Thinktank of the New Right in Germany. **Secondary sources:** – Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_für_Staatspolitik (Deutsch)

PUBLIC The [Iona Institute](https://ionainstitute.ie/) was founded by David Quinn in 2007 and is registered in Ireland as a charity. The Iona Institute campaigns against [social](https://ionainstitute.ie/a-gay-man-argues-against-gay-marriage/) and [reproductive](https://ionainstitute.ie/some-good-news-on-the-pro-life-front-in-the-us/) rights. The Iona Institute is [reported](https://www.epfweb.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Tip%20of%20the%20Iceberg%20August%202021%20Final.pdf) to be in receipt of funding from

PUBLIC Irish Society of Christian Civilisation (ISFCC) is the [Irish branch](https://www.isfcc.org/who-are-we) of the [International right wing religious movement, Tradition, Family, Property](https://www.epfweb.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Modern%20Day%20Crusaders%20in%20Europe%20-%20TFP%20Report.pdf) founded by Brazilian landowner and politician[ Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira](https://www.isfcc.org/plinio-correa-de-oliveira). Oliveira is known for anti-Semitic views [referring](https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/academic/catholic-elites-in-brazil.html#footnote84_a74c68o) to Jewish

PUBLIC The Irish Society of Saint Pius X Resistance is an anti-Semitic religious cult based in Roscarberry, West Cork. Father Giacomo Ballini who [purchased](https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40344509.html) the Roscarberry property in 2016 led an exorcism in December 2020 in response to pandemic restrictions

Strength: 1,700 (June 2019) Short description The „Junge Alternative für Deutschland“ (JA) is the Youth Organisation of the AfD. It was founded in 15 June 2013. The JA is more radical far right than the AfD and some of its

Seat: Berlin **short description** The „Junge Freiheit“ (JF) is a weekly newspaper of the New Right, which was founded in 1986. Experts says that the newspaper is i a greyzone between conservatism and far right. The newspaper sympathizes with the

The „Jungeuropa Verlag“ is a small far right publishing house with seat in Dresden. Editor is Philip Stein, which is also active in „Ein Prozent“ and member of the Burschenschaft Germania in Marburg, which is part of the „Deutsche Burschenschaft“.

Konstanty (Kastus) Kalinovsky was one of the leaders of the Polish, Lithuanian, and Belarusian national revival in the second half of the 19th century. Kalinovsky is especially revered in Belarus where he is seen as an icon of Belarusian nationalism

La España en Marcha (LEM) was formed in 2013 for the 2014 European elections as a coalition of far-right parties. The coalition won 17000 votes. The stated goal of the coalition is “the recovery of patriotic greatness, opposition to disintegrating

Right wing organisation connected to militant anti-choice group Youth Defence. https://thelifeinstitute.net/

Self-proclaimed far-right group as “patriot” and “social”, with activity in Alicante and Murcia.

Extreme right group of Málaga that honors the year of the expulsion of Muslims from Malaga.

Group active since 2013 in Málaga city, takes its name from the date it the city was taken by the Catholic Monarchs. Since 2017 they have managed the La Jábega Social Center, where they deploy part of their activities as

“N.S. Heute” stands for the abbreviation “National Socialism Today” and is a bi-monthly neo-Nazi magazine published since 2017. It is aimed at young readers in the form of a lifestyle magazine. The first print run in 2017 was 1,500 copies.

The „Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund“ (NSU, German: „Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund“) was a neonazist terrorist group which existed from 1998 to 2011. It was a network with three members living in the underground: * Uwe Bönhardt (1977-2011) * Uwe Mundlos (1973-2011) * Beate Zschäpe

Ultra-Catholic association whose ideological bases are its rejection of feminism, historical memory or homosexuality.

Nordic Resistance Movement (Swedish: Nordiska motståndsrörelsen; NMR, Norwegian Bokmål: Nordiske motstandsbevegelsen; NMB and Nynorsk: Nordiske motstandsrørsla; NMR, Finnish: Pohjoismainen Vastarintaliike; PVL, Icelandic: Norræna mótstöðuhreyfingin; NMH, Danish: Den nordiske modstandsbevægelse; NMB, Russian: Северное движение сопротивление) is a swedish official political party

(„Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamicisation of the Occident“) **short description:** PEGIDA was founded in 11th October 2014 in Dresden. PEGIDA is a registered voluntary association, which organised rallys in Dresden till today on a two-weekly-basis. Chairman is Lutz Bachmann, who

A relatively new informal group, initiated by Alain Simeonov, 17 years old (presenting himself as ex-)Bulgarian National Union member from Sofia, Bulgaria. Generally speaking, as he puts it, “the people involved in this social movement are wakeful thinkers, mostly young,

**Short description:** ‘Phalanx Europa’ is the Label and Brand of the Identitarian Movement in Germany and Austria. **First Source:** – Homepage: https://phalanx-europa.com/ (German)

It is an ultra-conservative thinking tank that organises international conferences under brandname Transatlantic summit to promote traditional values “Family, Life and Freedoms”. The organisation has been active since at least 2014 in Spanish- and English-speaking countries. Its expert council is

**Short description** “Politically Incorrect News” is a German-language extreme right news portal founded in November 2004 by the sports teacher Stefan Herre. In May 2020, PI described itself as “Germany’s most widely read patriotic blog”. In terms of content, PI

Web portal Priznajem.hr openly promotes pro-Ustasha revisionism, calls Serbian returnees ‘abolished Chetniks’, NGOs ‘inhumane haters of Croatia’, and LGBT behavior ‘a sign of serious illness’. The head of the association and editor-in-chief of the Priznajem.hr portal Hrvoje Macan and the

A small group, mostly acting in obscurity. Aligned with the Nazi ideology. Their first appearance was in 12 October 2015 as organizers of a martial arts festival. Members of the group are frequently seen in photos with Golden Dawn leading

**short description:** QAnon is a kind of online-sect which appears 2017. It is based at mysterious hints in the Internet, given by a person called himself ‘Q’. Till the end of August 2020 “Q” published 3.500 posts. It tells a

**short description:** QAnon is a kind of online-sect which appears 2017. It is based at mysterious hints in the Internet, given by a person called himself ‘Q’. It tells a story that the liberal elites kidnapped children and prisoned them

**short description:** Querdenken is one of the important Label of the covid-sceptic-movement in Germany. This movement is conspiracist and open for the joining of the far right. The Label ‘Querdenken’ was founded by Michael Ballweg from Stuttgart in April 2020.

In February 2020, several far-right organizations met in Zaragoza to prepare a new coordinator of sociocultural entities to act in coordination in the “cultural and metapolitical terrain.” Since April 2020, these groups have disseminated various communications and campaigns, under the

**short description:** ‘Reichsbürger’ believe that the ‘Deutsches Reich’ (German Empire) is still the legal status of the actual Germany. In their opinion the elected government is illegal an often they also do not accept the actual borders to Poland, Denmark

The far right „Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend Österreich“ (RFJ) ist a youth organisation near to the FPÖ in Austria. The actuall chairman is Maximilian Krauss. The members of the RFJ should be between 10 and 30 years old. Members see themself

The „Ring Freiheitlicher Studenten“ (RFS) is a far right student organisation near the FPÖ in Austria. They also run for the „Österreichische Hochschülerinnen- und Hochschülerschaft“, the parliament of students in Austria. In 2019 the RFS got 1,99% of the votes

(Greek: Ιερός Λόχος 2012, translated “Sacred Band 2012”, is a smaller nationalist organization, based in Thessaloniki. Founded in 2012, the group attracted publicity when its members attempted to stop the Thessaloniki Pride march in June 2017 and to interrupt a

Schild en Vrienden (“Shields and Friends”) is a Flemish nationalist youth group created in 2017. It belongs to the Identitarian movement. https://schildenvrienden.com/ https://lahorde.samizdat.net/schild-vrienden-lorganisation-flamande-qui-seduit-generation-identitaire

The magazine “Sezession” is a publication of the radical new right, which belongs to the think tank “Institut für Staatspolitik” around Götz Kubitschek and Erik Lehnert. It is published bimonthly. The first issue appeared in April 2003 and the print

PUBLIC Niall McConnell is leader of Síol na hEireann (‘Seed of Ireland’), an ethnonationalist group founded in 2019. They describe themselves as a[ prolife Christian nationalist movement](https://www.irishpatriots.com) and have staged anti-Islamic stunts across Ireland. Ross Lahive and Andy Heasman (of

Extensive research outlining far-right connections of SSPX (work tbc here before launch) https://twitter.com/IsAntifascist/status/1418525073120583681

PUBLIC Richard Williamson, former Bishop of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) is known promoting Holocaust denial and extremely anti-Semitic views. He was expelled from SSPX for “[having distanced himself from the management and the government of the SSPX

The Soldiers of Odin is an anti-immigrant group founded in Kemi Finland in 2015. The group has been described as a racist and neo-Nazi group. It’s founder Mika Ranta has connections to the Nordic Resistance Movement and has been convicted

PUBLIC Founded in Trinity College Dublin campus in 2017 by Declan Ganleys son Micheál, the [Burkean](https://www.theburkean.ie) has struggled to establish any sort of influence on campus, on streets or beyond its online publication whose writers post using pseudonyms. In 2021,

The Croatian weekly (Hrvatski tjednik) systematically denies the crime of genocide committed against Jews, Roma and Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia and the Ustasha system of the Jasenovac camp. It promotes the deniers of the Jasenovac genocide and

The “Verein Gedächtnisstätte e.V.” is a historical revisionist association founded in May 1992 by Holocaust deniers and Old Nazis. Until 2010, it was based in Borna (Saxony) and later in Guthmannshausen (Thuringia). Here, the association set up an extreme right-wing

The World Congress of Families is an SPLC designated hate group, “a project of the former Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society (now the International Organization for the Family), serves as an umbrella for a massive network of interconnected

Militant anti-choice organisation founded in 1986 and connected with the Life Institute. https://thelifeinstitute.net/youth-defence

The „Zentrum Automobil“ is a far right Pseudo-trade union, which was founded 2009 in Stuttgart. One of the founders is Oliver Hilburger. From 1991 till 2008 he was member of the RAC-Band „Noie Werte“. They work together with the fascist

**Short description:** ‘Zuerst!’ is a monthly puplished far right magazine. It was first published in 2010. Editor in chief ist Andreas Karsten. Before it was Manuel Ochsenreiter. **Primary sources:** – Homepage: www.zuerst.de (German) **Secondary sources:** – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuerst! (English)

Same group has been using both names. AME comes from the initials of “Independant Meandrian Nationalists”. Openly Nazi in ideology, they have used the C18 name from time to time since 2015 to 2018, when some members were arrested by